Mehdi Hossain pour

In the era of digital transformation, smart governance has emerged as a modern paradigm in public management and policymaking — a paradigm that, by leveraging emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and cloud computing, enables the design and implementation of data?driven, tra  arent, accountable, and participatory decision?making systems. This study aims to define the key indicators and dimensions of smart governance — including tra  arency, accountability, effectiveness, justice, sustainability, and citizen participation — and to analyze practical models such as e?government, the participatory model, the data?driven model, and smart urban governance. Furthermore, the study examines applications of smart governance in critical areas such as healthcare, education, security, environment, energy, diplomacy, and urban management. Through a comparative analysis of the experiences of leading countries — including the United States, China, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom — the research explores the opportunities, challenges, and requirements for implementing smart governance in Iran and proposes policy and technical solutions for its realization. The findings of this study can provide both theoretical and practical foundations for improving the quality of governance and enhancing sustainable development indicators in the country.   

   The rapid growth of social commerce as an emerging branch of e-commerce has created extensive opportunities for businesses and users. However, this expansion has been accompanied by a significant rise in cybercrime incidents, exposing users to serious security challenges. The increasing sophistication of malicious behaviors, the exploitation of emerging technologies by cyber attackers, users’ limited cybersecurity awareness, and the absence of adequate security infrastructures are among the key factors that heighten the vulnerability of social commerce environments. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study is to identify the major challenges contributing to cybercrime occurrence in social commerce and to propose effective countermeasures with a specific emphasis on user empowerment. This research adopts a mixed-method approach (qualitative–quantitative). In the qualitative phase, a systematic content analysis of authoritative sources along with expert consultation through the Delphi method was conducted to identify the most influential challenges and components. Subsequently, in the quantitative phase, the extracted factors were evaluated using a structured questionnaire and statistical analysis to determine the significance and impact of each variable on social commerce security. The findings reveal seven key components—user awareness and training, security infrastructures and technologies, user trust and interaction, legal and policy-related challenges, technical challenges and specific cyberattacks, user empowerment, human-resource-related factors, and emerging technologies—that play a critical role in both enabling and mitigating cyber threats. The results indicate that user empowerment across three core dimensions—enhancing digital and security literacy, improving threat-detection capabilities, and promoting safe behavioral practices in online social interactions—can substantially reduce the likelihood of users becoming victims of cybercrime. Furthermore, strategies such as developing targeted educational programs, designing user-centric security mechanisms, strengthening protective regulations, and employing advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence for threat monitoring are essential for establishing a secure social commerce ecosystem. Ultimately, the conceptual model proposed in this research can serve as a practical framework for platforms, policymakers, and businesses operating in the field of social commerce and contribute meaningfully to reducing cybercrime and improving user security.

The main goal of e-government is to create an electronic city that uses digital services based on need. Governments play an important role in protecting property rights, providing infrastructure, functioning of monetary, financial and human resources markets, monitoring economic activities and controlling corruption. This research is an applied research based on the purpose, a descriptive research based on data collection and a quantitative and qualitative research based on the approach or methodology. In this research, content analysis and Delphi methods are used to collect data.  

  Today, trade openness is considered as one of the fundamental pillars in the process of economic globalization and the development of e-business. Reducing trade barriers and increasing international interactions not only provide the basis for the transfer of new technologies and increasing access to global markets, but also improve productivity, increase competitiveness, reduce transaction costs, and expand innovation opportunities. These factors, along with the expansion of digital infrastructure and the growth of e-commerce, can directly affect the improvement of social welfare indicators and the achievement of sustainable development. In this regard, the present study examines the impact of trade openness on the development of e-business in Iran and analyzes the relationships between key variables of the digital economy and international trade using the ARDL econometric model. The research findings showed that investment in digital infrastructure, improving the quality of communication services, and paying attention to the principles of sustainable development play a fundamental role in the growth of e-commerce in Iran. However, the results obtained indicate that trade openness in the current conditions of Iran has not had a significant effect on the expansion of e-commerce and the increase in the number of businesses with the electronic trust symbol (Einmod). This is due to several key factors: first, extensive sanctions and restrictions on trade and financial exchanges that have prevented Iran from taking advantage of the potential capacities of trade openness. second, the structural dependence of the economy on natural resources, especially oil and gas, and the fragility of the domestic economy against fluctuations in global energy prices. third, institutional and infrastructural weaknesses in areas such as tra  ortation, logistics, the banking system, and access to new technologies. At the same time, additional studies show that trade openness can indirectly and in the long term affect the development of e-commerce by facilitating technology transfer, increasing knowledge-based interactions, and creating competition in domestic markets. However, the realization of these effects requires the removal of structural barriers, institutional reforms, and improvement of international relations. Accordingly, the research results emphasize that policymakers, in addition to pursuing the expansion of trade interactions, should pay special attention to developing information technology infrastructure, strengthening the financial and banking system, and enhancing the competitive capabilities of domestic firms so that the positive effects of trade openness on e-commerce in Iran become apparent.

  This study is focused on designing an electronic

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   The current research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the challenges of developing electronic businesses in the context of domestic social networks. The research is practical in terms of purpose and has used the mixed research method. The community in the qualitative and quantitative part of the research includes managers and practitioners of electronic businesses active in Iranian social networks, which were conducted using the snowball sampling method in the qualitative part of 18 in-depth semi-structured interviews. And in the quantitative section, 50 samples of experts in this field with the most expertise were selected. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified by experts in the qualitative section by selecting a suitable sample and reviewing the participants, and in the quantitative section, the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, and the reliability was also measured and confirmed through Cronbach's alpha (0.71%). In the qualitative section, the codes were checked and extracted using the content analysis method. The findings indicate the extraction of 7 main categories and 20 sub-categories. The main categories are; Challenges related to users are infrastructural and technical, laws, Iranian social networks, management, human and economic weakness. is The findings of the qualitative part were prioritized with the help of the Friedman test method, and according to the analysis, based on the results obtained from the Friedman ranking test of 79 factors under investigation, the factors; Absence of regulatory laws with a rating (09/64), causing disturbance to the contacts of social networks with a rating (13/63), lack of public acceptance of these networks with a rating (06/62), poor technical infrastructure with a rating (62/05), the audience's lack of security trust in domestic social networks with a rating (61/87), the multitude of rated social networks (61/31) and the low knowledge of experts in the field of social networks with a rating (67/60) were introduced as having the highest priority according to the respondents and the factors; The difficulty of user entering Iranian networks with a rating (17/49), the lack of familiarity of activists with these networks with a rating (12/25), information theft with a rating (25/27), the challenge of being more expensive and unstable Iranian server with a rating (25/29), failure to update these networks on time with a rating (25/33); Inaccuracy in choosing the media with a rating of (25/41) and weakness in the consequences of mistakes in networks with a rating of (25/78) had the lowest priority according to the respondents.

  Like many economic sectors of the country, startups in general and internet startups in Iran face many challenges and problems in the way of formation and development. In line with these challenges, the current research seeks to identify and prioritize the factors that harm the formation and development of internet startups in Iran. Identifying the dimensions of harmful factors on the development of Internet startups, identifying harmful components in each dimension, identifying harmful indicators in each component, and finally prioritizing the most important harmful factors on the development of Internet startups are the goals of this research. . The research methodology is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of qualitative data nature (content analysis and Delphi) and in terms of data collection method, it is a descriptive research. In order to collect data, first by reviewing the theoretical foundations and background of previous researches using the content analysis method, the obstacles to the development of Internet startups in Iran were identified and through the Delphi method, the obstacles were confirmed and prioritized. The statistical population in the content analysis method included all reviewed articles and researches in the field of Internet startups, and the texts that were most related to the research subject were selected. The statistical population in the Delphi method included 21 executive experts who were active in the field of Internet startups and academic experts in the field of technology and entrepreneurship who were selected by purposive sampling and then snowball until saturation was reached. The findings of the research show that in the content analysis method, 60 indicators were extracted to examine the obstacles to the development of internet startups in Iran and they entered the Delphi stage. In two Delphi rounds, 16 indicators were added to the indicators by experts. And out of a total of 76 indicators, only 3 indicators were not approved by the experts. The proposed model of this research includes 8 dimensions, 40 components and 73 indicators.

   Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and evaluating a local model to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors in Soliko company. The approach of the current research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative), in the qualitative part of the content analysis method and in the quantitative part of the descriptive-correlation method, it was investigated using the structural equation modeling method. In this research, the community studied in the qualitative part included experts who have scientific expertise and work experience in the field of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education, which includes university professors, experts and researchers who have indicators such as experience (at least ten years), appropriateness of the field of study. , have a doctorate degree, teaching experience at the university, research and authoring experience in this field, and also experienced managers with relevant degrees of Soliko company. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included all managers and employees of Soliko Kale company, numbering nineteen thousand people. In the qualitative part, the participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method, which sampling continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In the quantitative part, there were 384 employees and managers of Solico company, who were randomly selected using the Morgan and Krejci table. In the qualitative section, in order to present the model of the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors, the technique of qualitative content analysis was used using the qualitative software MAXQDA version 2020. In the quantitative section, data analysis in two sections of descriptive statistics (including frequency, frequency and ...) and inferential statistics (including structural equation modeling) were performed using    version 25 and PLS version 3 software. In this research, the results showed that entrepreneurship training in Soliko has 10 dimensions, such as training and awareness, business planning, facilitating innovation and product development, financial management, human resource management, communication and team skills. Risk management, networking, problem analysis and problem solving, and social responsibility were identified, and also the dimensions of developing entrepreneurial behaviors of Solico company employees included 6 dimensions such as empowerment, encouraging employees, teamwork, flexibility, creating an active environment, and risk taking. The results of the research hypothesis also showed that entrepreneurship education directly affects the development of entrepreneurial behaviors by 60%, so in general, it can be concluded that entrepreneurship education has an impact on the development of entrepreneurial behaviors of Soliko company. Therefore, in this regard, it is suggested to the managers and officials of Soliko company to introduce the employees of the organization to the field of entrepreneurship and technology by holding courses and workshops related to the management of startups, in order to provide the opportunity to share and strengthen innovative ideas, and - also the employees of the organization support to create bold vision and new opportunities among them by increasing their experience.       Key words: entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial behavior, development of entrepreneurial behaviors, Solico company, mixed approach.   

پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسي تأثير سرمايه انساني و سرمايه اجتماعي بر كارآفريني سازماني در بيمارستان‌هاي شهرستان كرمانشاه انجام گرديد. اين پژوهش ازنظر هدف كاربردي و ازنظر نحوه‌ي گردآوري داده‌ها توصيفي و از نوع همبستگي است. ابزار گردآوري شامل پرسشنامه‌هاي سرمايه انساني (اميري،1391)، پرسشنامه سرمايه اجتماعي( ناهابيت و گوشال،1996) و پرسشنامه كارآفريني سازماني (دس و همكاران،2003) بود.جهت تجزيه‌وتحليل داده‌هاي پژوهش از نرم‌افزار آماري21-    و روش‌هاي آمار توصيفي شامل ميانگين و انحراف استاندارد، گلموگروف اسميرونوف و روش آمار استنباطي تحليل رگرسيون استفاده شد. نتايج پژوهش نشان داد كه متغيرهاي سرمايه انساني و سرمايه اجتماعي بر(كارآفريني سازماني) تأثير دارند. ضرايب رگرسيوني متغيرهاي سرمايه انساني و سرمايه اجتماعي نشان داد كه   سرمايه انساني   با 52/0=?،3/0=t   و سرمايه اجتماعي با 17/0=?،34/0=t   مي‌توانند بر كارآفريني سازماني تأثيرگذار باشد.همچنين سرمايه دانش، تخصص، مهارت ،ساختاري، شناختي و ارتباطي واريانس كارآفريني سازماني را تبيين مي­كنند.

Investigating the impact of perceived social responsibility on customer satisfaction and loyalty according to the moderating role of brand image (case study: Aindeh Bank)Abstract: As social and environmental demands from stakeholders are growing, businesses such as financial institutions must highlight these issues in their operations and increase consumer trust. The commitment of banks to comply with social responsibility can lead to the improvement of their currency, reputation and image, which will lead to the acquisition of more loyal customers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of perceived social responsibility on satisfaction and customer loyalty, considering the role of brand image modifier in Aindeh Bank, Kermanshah. The research method is descriptive; In terms of examining how variables affect, it is cause and reason and is applied in terms of purpose. The information for the research has been obtained through the study of theoretical foundations and a questionnaire of 165 people, which was randomly distributed among the clients and users of the services of the Aindeh Bank of Kermanshah in 1402, and To analyze the data, structural equation modeling PLS technique has been used.The findings of this research showed that the customer's perception of the bank's social responsibility has a positive effect on customer satisfaction and loyalty; Customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer loyalty. Also, the results showed that brand image has a moderating role on the effect of bank social responsibility on customer satisfaction, and brand image has a moderating role on the effect of customer satisfaction on loyalty; But the moderating role of brand image on the effect of bank social responsibility on customer loyalty is not significant

   The family, in terms of quantity and quality, can be the main concern of the thinker and seeker and nurture the spirit of the idea of ??the people in it. While the algorithm is efficient and searchable in the field of work and production in the society, the positive actions of the non-performers motivate the child towards the direction and direction of the activity so that the mind can be integrated and fruitful. Such individual availability of non-economic resources is considered to be of value in capturing new airspace. The role of parents in caring for their parents in the world is how to embody social values ??for their children, shaping their future personal lives and paving the way for a healthy economy. Therefore, the atmosphere within the family, especially the parental guidelines, gives this possibility to the children to pass on the habits and beliefs of the past to the other members of the family, to reconcile the new way of doing business and self-regulation. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of parents' research on the purpose of entrepreneurship (active study of entrepreneurs in Kermanshah tourism). The Entrepreneurial Society of Kermanshah is active in tourism. The sampling method is randomly simple and is used to determine the sample size of the Cochrane formula which has a sample volume of 330 mm. The library's research tools are standardized research libraries and testimonials that are credited with the Alfie Kronbach method 770/0. In this research, we have examined the effect of parents' observation on the purpose of entrepreneurial rotation (active study of entrepreneurial rotation in Kermanshah). Analysis and analysis. The results of this study indicate that various factors affect parents' intentional entrepreneurial activity (active study of entrepreneurial activities in Kermanshah). The family, in terms of quantity and quality, can be the main concern of the thinker and seeker and nurture the spirit of the idea of ??the people in it. While the algorithm is efficient and searchable in the field of work and production in the society, the positive actions of the non-performers motivate the child towards the direction and direction of the activity so that the mind can be integrated and fruitful. Such individual availability of non-economic resources is considered to be of value in capturing new airspace. The role of parents in caring for their parents in the world is how to embody social values ??for their children, shaping their future personal lives and paving the way for a healthy economy. Therefore, the atmosphere within the family, especially the parental guidelines, gives this possibility to the children to pass on the habits and beliefs of the past to the other members of the family, to reconcile the new way of doing business and self-regulation. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of parents' research on the purpose of entrepreneurship (active study of entrepreneurs in Kermanshah tourism). The Entrepreneurial Society of Kermanshah is active in tourism. The sampling method is randomly simple and is used to determine the sample size of the Cochrane formula which has a sample volume of 330 mm. The library's research tools are standardized research libraries and testimonials that are credited with the Alfie Kronbach method 770/0. In this research, we have examined the effect of parents' observation on the purpose of entrepreneurial rotation (active study of entrepreneurial rotation in Kermanshah). Analysis and analysis. The results of this study indicate that various factors affect parents' intentional entrepreneurial activity (active study of entrepreneurial activities in Kermanshah). Keywords: Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Parents

The current study is a survey-analytical study that aims to investigate the relationship between supply chain information management and information system infrastructures with production performance, taking into account the moderating role of supply chain integration. The statistical population of this research is made up of all the people familiar with the process of production, sampling method was also used. The reliability of the questionnaire wasoperation, maintenance and working of all small and medium businesses active in Kermanshah province, whose number is equal to 2928, which according to Cochran's formula, the sample size is equal to 339.71 people. Considering the possibility of some questionnaires being unusable, 350 questionnaires were distributed, of which 340 questionnaires were usable, and simple random confirmed by Cronbach's alpha, and its validity was confirmed by the validity technique of content validity ratio and content validity index. The structural equation modeling technique (SmartPLS software) was used to test the research hypotheses. The research findings showed that supply chain information management has a significant effect on supply chain integrity. Supply chain information management has a significant effect on production performance. The infrastructure of the supply chain information system had a significant impact on the integrity of the supply chain. The effect of supply chain information system infrastructure on production performance was significant. The integration of the supply chain had a significant effect on the production performance of the company. The mediation of supply chain integration between supply chain information management and production performance of the company had a significant effect, and finally, supply chain integration had a significant effect between supply chain information system infrastructure and production performance, which mediates.

  urpose: The present research was conducted with the purpose of presenting the conceptual model of entrepreneurial university with a skill approach in Iraqi students of Razi University. Method: This research is exploratory in terms of its purpose and practical in terms of its use. The implementation method of this research is database. The statistical population of this research included experts, professors in the field of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs. The required data were collected using targeted sampling with the snowball method and semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts. Max Kyuda version 22 software was used for data analysis. . Based on the results of the research, the causal, contextual, intervening factors, main phenomenon and strategies and consequences were identified during three stages of open, central and selective coding using MAXQDA 2022 software. Findings: The findings showed that the obtained categories were categorized under 31 sub-categories and 12 main categories in 6 main categories, which causal factors include; Infrastructural factors and human factors, the central category including organizational factors and structural factors; The strategies mentioned monitoring and implementation and technology. Background conditions have been emphasized on organizational attitudes, beliefs and strategies, and include intervening conditions, legal factors, and political factors. Also, the consequences included financial and social factors. Results: Creating and expanding academic entrepreneurship requires simultaneous attention to all structural, content and contextual aspects. In addition to this, the implementation of the entrepreneurial university model requires the formulation of entrepreneurial policies and perspectives, conducting internal and external studies, the formulation of specific strategic and operational plans for each university, and the continuous implementation and evaluation of these plans.

the changes in technology in the last decade, the way of supplying and sellingproducts is very different from the past. Nowadays, one of the most populartools for communicating with customers and advertising products is using socialnetworks. One of the important topics propounded in the field of electronicmarketing is the discussion of loyalty. With the spread of e-commerce, one ofthe challenges in electronic stores is that commercial businesses face manycompetitors and customer loyalty is low. Customer loyalty in public andelectronic loyalty, in particular, are less studied topics; This gap isespecially more serious in the theoretical literature of the marketing field inthe country. Therefore, the upcoming research aims to examine the effects ofmarketing in the platform of social networks and customer experience onrelationship quality and electronic loyalty by using a descriptive-surveyresearch method. The method of collecting information is a combination oflibrary research and field research. A questionnaire was used to collect data,the reliability coefficient of which was obtained by calculating Cronbach'salpha of 0.79, and the validity of the questionnaire was investigated via facevalidity. A statistical sample of 394 people was extracted based on Cochran'sformula from the statistical population including all followers of tourismpages and handicrafts online stores on the Instagram social network in a simplerandom sampling method. The data analysis method is structural equationsmodeling which is done with LISREL software. In summary, the findings of thisresearch confirm the fact that marketing in the context of social networks andcustomer experience has a positive and meaningful effect on the quality of therelationship. Also, relationship quality has a positive and meaningful effecton electronic loyalty intention. Thus, observance of basic and fundamental issues inrelation to customers, employment of experienced and trained administrators tocommunicate with customers, accurate recognition of the target audience,cooperation with influencers, coverage of business news, representingattractive aspects of business, and continuing to produce and publish content,especially Video content and two-way interaction with customers are recommended.to businesses that act in social networks.    

   The concern of knowing and mastering the future has always been one of the inherent curiosities of mankind; Curiosity that is mixed with financial interests has increased its value. The science of futurology deals with knowing and discovering the future with a practical view. This approach requires every business today. The present study was conducted with the aim of future research of the health products market of knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah province. The research approach used is mixed. The statistical sample of the research included 16 experts from knowledge-based companies that produce health products, who were selected based on the purposeful snowball sampling method. In various parts of the research, as needed, various tools such as in-depth semi-structured interview, group discussion, review of documents and questionnaires were used. The findings of the first stage of this study were based on the identification of 24 key indicators, which were categorized into four categories of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses according to the SWOT matrix, and subsequently the market development strategy was formulated and presented. Using the Delphi-fuzzy analysis approach, the most important strategies for planning in the future for the development of markets were identified and prioritized in 32 strategies, which were divided into 8 categories. The results indicate that the knowledge-based companies that produce health products in Kermanshah province should continuously analyze the environment and market with appropriate planning to create valuable resources in the future, have a successful presence in domestic and foreign markets, and effectively deal with sanctions. As well as dealing efficiently with unexpected events, and besides developing knowledge and new technologies, they should give importance to employing expert and efficient people, especially in the field of marketing.

   راه هاي اساسي در راستاي تبديل نظريه هاي تدويني به عمل، ارائه و پيشنهاد راه حل هايي مناسب در هر پژوهش صورت گرفته است. اين كار مي تواند تا حد زيادي دستيابي به موفقيت در آينده را براساس نتايج به دست آمده از پژوهش را تضمين كند. اين مهم نشان مي دهد كه ارائه نتايج علمي و صحيح در قالب پيشنهادهايي مناسب تا چه اندازه در يك پژوهش داراي اهميت است. در واقع نتيجه گيري هايي كه بر اساس تحليل هاي صحيح شكل گرفته باشد، مي تواند شرايط مناسب تحقق موضوع و هدف پژوهش را ايجاد و مهيا كند. در ادامه به هر يك از سؤالات پژوهش با توجه به يافته­ها و نتايج به دست آمده پاسخ داده شده است.

   One of the goals of the green economy is to reduce the negative environmental effects caused by the use of natural resources in developing economies. This concept is related to the reduction of energy consumption, and more precisely, to the proper use of energy resources. For this reason, it seems that the changes in the use of fossil fuels in the last 25 years can be analyzed in countries with different levels of development. Examining the separation of economic growth from fossil fuels is a key task that few studies have addressed. This issue is also related to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, especially clean energy, as fossil fuels are still the main source of energy worldwide. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of economic freedom on the process of separating economic growth from fossil fuels. In the present study, the estimation method of the model is based on consolidated data. This integrated method uses time series data (2000-2020) and cross-sectional data of "developing countries (Iran, Brazil, India and China) and developed countries (USA, UK, Germany and France)".The software program used in this research is Eviwse9, Excel software program. The estimated models are presented in the form of multivariate linear regression models according to the research hypotheses. Based on the obtained results, the first hypothesis according to the results of the fixed effects model and the generalized least squares method, the economic freedom variable has a positive and significant relationship with the dependent variable (economic growth rate) and for one unit increase in Economic freedom variable, economic growth variable increases by 0.12 units. Therefore, at the 95% confidence level, economic freedom has a positive and significant effect on the process of separating economic growth from fossil fuels. For developed countries, the economic freedom variable has a positive and significant relationship with the dependent variable (economic growth rate) and for one unit increase in the economic freedom variable, the economic growth variable increases by 0.09 units. Therefore, at the 95% confidence level, economic freedom has a positive and significant effect on the process of separating economic growth from fossil fuels. Regarding the second hypothesis, in developed countries, the second hypothesis of the research was rejected, and in developing countries, except for a few specific years, The second hypothesis was rejected, that is, a positive relationship between economic growth and the amount of renewable fuel consumption was not observed.

  The purpose of this research is to provide a model for customer life cycle management in social network banking. Other objectives of the research are to determine the weight and relative importance of the indicators used in the grouping of bank customers, to determine the CLV position of each of the customer categories and to determine the appropriate strategies of the bank in dealing with each of the customer categories that are engaged in social network banking at different stages of the customer's life cycle. Is. Also, the role of social networks in the banking system and the opportunities created by it were comprehensively investigated. The type of research method of this research is based on the purpose of an applied research, based on data collection is a survey descriptive research, and based on the approach or methodology, it is a qualitative research. In this research, content analysis and Delphi methods were used to collect data. The content analysis method was used to extract the research model and the Delphi method was used to test the model and improve it. The means of data collection were content analysis, document studies and Delphi method, interviews and distribution of questionnaires with closed and open questions. In the documentary and library method, theoretical foundations related to the research subject and the background of the studies conducted inside and outside the country on the subject under study were examined and many written sources including books, articles, theses and websites were searched. Then, the identified factors were strengthened by means of a Delphi questionnaire with closed and open questions. In the content analysis method, the statistical population included all the reviewed articles in the field of customer life cycle management and social network banking, and only the texts that were most related to the research topic were selected. The statistical population of the research using the Delphi method was academic experts and IT officials working in banks and universities, 30 of whom were selected by judgmental purposeful sampling and then snowballing until saturation was reached. The results of the research show that in the content analysis method, 60 indicators were obtained to provide a model for managing the customer life cycle in the bank and they entered the Delphi stage. In three Delphi rounds, 44 indicators were added to the indicators, and out of a total of 104 indicators, all were agreed upon by the experts. The proposed model of this research has 4 dimensions, 22 components and 104 indicators.

   توسعه اقتصادي مهم‌ترين آرمان كشورهاي توسعه نيافته است و زنان نه تنها به عنوان نيمي از جمعيت هدف توسعه، بلكه به عنوان تربيت‎‌كنندگان نسل‌هاي آينده، مربيان مهدكودك‌ها و نيمي از معلمان مقطع ابتدايي نقش بي بديلي در نهادينه كردن نگرش‌هاي توسعه‌اي دارند. بنابراين توانمندسـازي زنان يكي از مهم‌ترين الزامات تحقق توسعه است. بنابراين سوال اصلي پژوهش حاضر اين است كه قابليتهاي موردنياز زنان به منظور ايفاي نقش در فرايند توسعه چيست؟ و به چه ميزان محتواي كتب درسي آموزش پايه ويژه دختران براي توسعه اين قابليتها مناسب است؟   براي پاسخگويي به اين سوالات، پژوهش حاضر در مرحله اول با بهره­گيري از از روش اسنادي و مرور ادبيات جامع، فهرستي از قابليت­هاي اساسي براي پرورش دانش­آموزان در نظام­هاي آموزش پايه را شناسايي و به منظور بومي­سازي و انطباق آن با شرايط خاص توسعه­اي ايران، با به­كارگيري تكنيك دلفي مورد پيمايش 16 نفر خبرگان توسعه، آموزش و رواشناسي كه به شيوه نمونه‌گيري هدفمند انتخاب شدند، قرار گرفته است. نتايج حاصل از سه دور پيمايش دلفي و رسيدن به ضريب هماهنگي كندال برابر 7/0 و اجماع نظر 90 درصدي كه حاكي از اجماع نظر قوي بين خبرگان و اطمينان زياد نسبت به ترتيب عوامل است، 13 قابليت اساسي را پيشنهاد مي‌دهد كه به ترتيب اهميت عبارتند از: "تفكرانتقادي"، "خلاقيت و نوآوري"، "قانون مداري"، "حل مسئله"، "ارتباطات اجتماعي، همكاري و تعلق خاطر"، "خودمختاري"، "توانايي مباحثه"، "ادراك و صيانت از ديگر گونه­هاي حيات"، "انسجام اجتماعي"، "عقلانيت عملي"، بهره­گيري از عواطف"، "تصور روايتي" و "سلامت بدني".   در مرحلة دوم، براي تعيين وضع موجود نظام آموزش پايه از منظر توجه به قابليت­هاي اساسي براي اصلاحات نهادي موردنياز توسعه جهت توانمندسازي دانش­آموزان دختر، به تحليل محتواي كتاب درسي پاية هفتم پرداخته شده است. يافته­هاي اين بخش نشان داد كه در محتواي كتاب مورد بررسي، بجز توجه ناچيز به سه قابليت بهره­گيري از عواطف، ارتباطات اجتماعي و سلامت بدني به ساير قابليت­هاي نامبرده، يا توجه كافي صورت نگرفته و يا محتواي نظام­مند و مناسبي كه قادر به نهادينه­سازي قابليت­هاي مورد نظر در وجود دانش­آموزان(دختر) باشند، ارائه نشده است. يافته­هاي اين پژوهش نشاد داد كه از منظر توجه به قابليت­هاي مورد نياز براي اصلاحات نهادي بسترساز توسعه، وضع موجود نظام آموزش پايه ايران، نگرش­ها و حالت­هايي را تشويق مي­كند كه با اهداف برنامة درسي همخواني چنداني نداشته است و فاصلة معناداري تا رسيدن به وضع مطلوب آموزشي وجود دارد.

Today, with the development of economic and social life, human needs and requirements have diversified. Industrial production and the evolution and growth of the industry can meet the needs and expectations of man and make his life comfortable and comfortable. One of the main factors of growth and development in the international arena is industrial production. Several factors affect the value of industrial production, including the impact of investment, technology, and changes in energy prices. Energy as the driving force of most economic activities has a special place in development. The accelerating trend of economic and industrial development in the countries of the world is largely related to the level of energy consumption. Oil, as a form of energy, is an essential raw material for industrial production. The price of petroleum products is so important in industrial production that production costs are directly affected by the price of oil. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of crude oil prices on the index of industrial production in Iran and the European Union. For this purpose, quarterly data for the period 2003:2 to 2020:3 for Iran and monthly data for January 1991 to March 2021 for EU countries have been used using wavelet-based quantile regression. According to the results of the present study, the effect of OPEC oil price on Iran's industrial production index is positive and significant in all quantiles except the second quantile, which has a negative and significant effect on Iran's industrial production index. Similarly, the effect of Brent oil prices on the EU industrial production index is positive and significant in all quantiles. According to the results of this study, in estimating the model using the quantile regression method based on wavelet transform, the effect of OPEC oil price on Iran's industrial production index is positive and significant in the first, second, and sixth components. Also, the effect of Brent oil price on the EU industrial production index using quantile estimation based on wavelet transform, indicates a positive and significant effect of Brent oil price on the EU industrial production index in the first to sixth components, in all quantiles. Keywords: Crude Oil Prices, Industrial Production, A Wavelet-Based Quantile Regression   

  The use of valuable business opportunities in the service sector, especially in the tourism industry, is a characteristic of the 21st century. Ecotourism is considered one of the branches of tourism, which branched off from rural tourism, and is now proposed as a new approach in this industry. It has become one of the most important economic sectors in many countries of the world. The tourism industry, with its ever-increasing growth and global nature, needs to be actively present in virtual communities. And to reach a worthy position, they should take advantage of new tools based on information technology. Operators of tourism businesses, especially those active in the field of ecotourism, can use virtual spaces as a different place for marketing and provide a new and suitable distribution channel for providing self-services; and attract tourists by introducing their business. Today, with the development of information technology, many businesses have accepted it as part of the value chain in their organization and updated and developed their work processes with the help of information technology resources. Ecotourism is also not without this way and in many countries, electronic tourism has spread well. One of the management measures in order to take advantage of information technology facilities is the use of social media to attract and retain customers, which can benefit It deserves the attention of organizations. In this study, using qualitative content analysis and Delphi method, effective factors in the use of social networks in ecotourism marketing have been identified and prioritized, and appropriate policy solutions have been proposed based on the findings. In terms of its practical (developmental) purpose, this research is a qualitative research in terms of its approach or methodology, and in terms of its data collection method, it is a survey type. In order to collect information, first by conducting library research and analyzing the content of different sources, the factors and factors affecting the marketing of social networks in tourism were extracted, and then by using the questionnaire tool and using the Delphi method, the opinion of 25 people The experts of information technology, tourism and marketing fields - who were selected by targeted sampling method - were asked about the indicators and key factors of success in social network marketing. In the end, the research model was identified by extracting five criteria for success in social media marketing, including the role of the social network platform, the role of electronic content, the role of businesses, the role of users, and the role of macro policies and governments.

  The development and penetration of social networks and the increasing number of users of these networks have created a very suitable environment for launching and introducing new businesses, considering that after nutrition, which is the need for food (water, food, fruit, etc.) ), clothing is the second priority of family consumption, clothing is one of the basic human needs, it can be considered as one of the most suitable fields for creating a new business and entrepreneurship in the context of social networks. In this research, the effective components for starting and improving this type of business have been discussed. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and previous studies through the quantitative method and distributing 384 questionnaires among the respondents and analyzing the results using pls software, the research findings indicated that all the hypotheses have a significant effect and are confirmed. The variables of trust level, payment method and shipping method, product characteristics, taffeta buying, improving the supply and increasing the Internet penetration rate with the desire to buy customers have a positive effect and the lack of a single standard in sizing, it is not clear whether the negative effects on the customer's desire They are related to the purchase of clothes from social networks in the context of business. Therefore, those who are trying to start a business and entrepreneurship in this field should consider these factors and try to strengthen the positive effects and reduce the negative effects. The development and penetration of social networks and the increasing number of users of these networks have created a very suitable environment for launching and introducing new businesses, considering that after nutrition, which is the need for food (water, food, fruit, etc), clothing is the second priority of family consumption, clothing is one of the basic human needs, it can be considered as one of the most suitable fields for creating a new business and entrepreneurship in the context of social networks. In this research, the effective components for starting and improving this type of business have been discussed.

Identifying and Analysis of the factors affecting Acceptance of Business Intelligence in Kermanshah Hospital  

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of social support, loyal behaviors and attractiveness of technology on social business. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of descriptive method. This study was applied in terms of method and regression in terms of descriptive-correlational purpose. The data required for this study were collected by Molino et al.'s (2019) Social Support Questionnaire, Liang Shen et al.'s (2019) Technology Attractiveness, Bintztack et al.'s (2003) Loyal Behaviors (2003), and Adenour (1397) Social Business Statistics. All students in Arak who are in Islamic Azad University, Arak University and Payame Noor University of Arak who buy from Digi Kala site and have had the experience of buying from this site at least once, which according to Cochran's formula for this volume of society, 379 Subjects were selected for stratified sampling. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that social support has a positive and significant effect on social trade, loyal behaviors on social trade and technology attractiveness on social trade. Keywords: social support, loyal behaviors, technology attractiveness, social business   

  This study was conducted to identify and analyze the drivers of game industry development in Iran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, mixed in terms of data nature and a descriptive research in terms of data collection method. In order to collect data, first, by reviewing theoretical foundations and previous studies through content analysis method, strategies for the development of the game industry in Iran were identified and through the Delphi method to confirm the identified indicators and complete the indicators, as well as prioritize solutions. The statistical population in the content analysis method is statistical including all published texts in the field of development of the computer game industry in the world that have been related to the subject of research. The statistical population of the research in Delphi method, experts familiar with the subject of computer game industry with research background, 36 of whom have been selected by purposive sampling method and then snowball to reach the theoretical saturation. This research has been done from April 1400 to February 1400. Findings show that in the content analysis method, 50 indicators were identified to identify and analyze the drivers of the development of the computer game industry in Iran and reached the Delphi stage. In the three rounds of Delphi, 14 indicators were added to the indicators and out of a total of 64 indicators, only 9 indicators were not agreed upon by the experts. The proposed model of this research has 6 dimensions, 26 components and 55 indicators. The results showed that the computer game industry in Iran has a series of supportive dimensions including: legal drivers, drivers of knowledge-based economy, drivers of human resource management, drivers of supply chain management, drivers of market management and advertising, and drivers Is the technical infrastructure of the gaming industry. During the research, solutions for the development and progress of the computer game industry in Iran were presented.

  Review: The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the effective factors of using electronic human resource management on the quality of hospital services It was performed in Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah province. The research is applied in terms of purpose and uses a mixed research method has taken. The study population includes managers, staff and medical staff of Imam Reza Hospital. in part Qualitatively, the code was studied and extracted using exploratory content analysis method. Findings indicate the extraction of 3 main categories And 6 subcategories. The main categories are; Employee participation, providing information and training to employees and using management Electronic human resources as the main category and sub-categories also include, increasing and decreasing factors, promoting and inhibiting factors and Is inside and outside the organization. The findings of the qualitative section were prioritized using the method of hierarchical analysis and according to the analysis In the category of participation in both incremental and decremental dimensions, respectively, objective observation of the benefits of using human resource management Electronic in how to upgrade, encourage and reduce the volume of work and redundant tasks with a relative importance factor of 0.496 and not using the offer Employees and experts with a relative importance coefficient of 0.292 has gained the highest priority. In the category of amount and benefits of use Electronic human resource management in two parts inside and outside the organization, respectively, information classification and speed up recovery Clients' information with a relative importance factor of 0.261 and savings in hiring new staff according to the standard criteria Selection and employment in the system with a relative importance coefficient of 0.300 has the highest priority, and finally, accurate specification Indicators, metrics, standards of organizational establishment with a relative importance coefficient of 0.397 and lack of public acceptance and lack of sufficient awareness in use Electronic services in the two sections of promoting and preventing factors in the category of providing information and training to employees give the highest priority gained

   Abstract    Today's organizations need managers who want to challenge existing norms, so the presence of managers with high entrepreneurial skills as a new strategy in organizations to achieve innovation is of particular importance. The issue of innovation duality is exploiting existing opportunities and innovations and exploring new opportunities and innovations, and since innovation and entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses enable these businesses to compete competitively and profitably Gain in the market through the continuous adaptation of new products and ideas, are considered as the main mechanism of economic growth in these industries. The aim of this researcher in this study is to investigate the effect of managers' entrepreneurial skills on the innovation ambidexterity   in small and medium industries in Kermanshah with the mediating role of knowledge management. The present research is applied in terms of descriptive-survey method. In order to collect data, the Smith (2008) Standard Entrepreneurial Skills Questionnaire, the Innovative   Innovation ambidexterity Questionnaire, and the Jashpara Knowledge Management Questionnaire (2004) were cited. The statistical population is managers and activists in the field of small and medium industries in Kermanshah and the sample using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table is equal to 280 people. The research hypotheses were analyzed using    and PLS software and all research hypotheses have been confirmed. The results show that entrepreneurial skills have a positive and significant effect on the duality of innovation and entrepreneurial skills through knowledge management have an effect on the duality of innovation.    Keywords: Entrepreneurial skills, innovation ambidexterity, Knowledge management, Small and medium industries.      

Universities play an important role in the development of entrepreneurship Achieving economic growth in today's knowledge-based societies, effective communication between the university and society is an important development in the development of any country. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of strategic analysis of Razi University Community Relations Office and presenting possible scenarios as one of the most important communication channels between the university and the community to develop these collaborations this research is applied in terms of purpose and is based on two approaches : combined approach ( swot - ahp ) and future research approach . in the qualitative part , purposive sampling and snowball sampling were used. after nine interviews with experts , theoretical saturation was obtained . in quantitative section , in order to assign weighting coefficients to each swot factors , paired comparisons questionnaire was provided to experts and strategy formulation was developed with two approaches : aggressive , defensive , conservative and defensive approaches for extracting the scenarios with a view of futures studies, the analysis of reciprocal works was presented to experts and the scenario of scenario software was presented in five different types of strategies.   

The purpose of writing this study is to identify the factors affecting sales success in virtual networks and prioritize these factors and finally reach the research model. The statistical population of this exploratory mixed research in both qualitative and quantitative parts includes successful virtual sellers and people who have the necessary work experience or knowledge and experience in the field of virtual sales (on social networks: Telegram, Instagram and WhatsApp) in the country. In this study, the main criterion for determining the sample size in the qualitative part was to achieve a theoretical saturation point that sampling was done with a purposeful approach and snowball method. In this study, first in the qualitative phase, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 experts and secondary data were extracted from various texts and sources. Using content enalysis method and coding of variables extracted from interviews and secondary data (including books, internal and external articles and websites), two main categories, 9 categories and 43 components were finally identified. To ensure the accuracy and robustness of the qualitative part of the research (equivalent to validity and reliability in quantitative research), methods of selecting appropriate samples and reviewing participants and experts were used. In the quantitative phase of the research, through the distribution of a researcher-made questionnaire and an experts survey, information was collected from 53 people in a targeted and accessible manner. 4The validity of the questionnaire was done in two parts: validity (approval by supervisors and consultants) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.897). In this part of the study, the identified variables were ranked using Spss software based on Friedman test. Then, using Smart Pls software, the researcher-made model was evaluated and its fit and goodness were tested. The results of measurement model test, structural model test and general model test showed the appropriateness and suitability of the research model. According to the results, the category of "effective presence in social networks" (with an average rank of 8.68) in the group of basic factors for launching virtual sales and the category of "sales incentives" (with an average rank of 7.08) in the group of factors affecting progress Virtual sales are the most important categories in these two groups (major categories). Also, the results of general prioritization of research categories showed that after the category of active presence in social networks, respectively, categories targeted activity, sales incentives, customer satisfaction attract, digital literacy and sales skills, effective advertising, saler ethics, sales facilities and support after the purchase, they affects the sales success of the virtual networks. Each of these categories has several components that according to the results, the product quality component (with an average rating of 28.08), which is a subset of customer satisfaction attract category, was recognized as the most important component for success in virtual sales.

      The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the variables affecting the development of health tourism in Kermanshah. This research is an exploratory mix (qualitative-quantitative), which is a research method in the qualitative part of content analysis in which categories and concepts were extracted from interviews and in a quantitative part using Friedman test in   26 software and in In this section, the identified categories of qualitative phase were ranked. The data collection tool was semi-structured in the qualitative part of the in-depth interview and a questionnaire in the quantitative part. Participants in the qualitative section were 10 experts who identified the concepts using snowball sampling method and achieving theoretical data saturation. Also, the study population in the quantitative section were 45 health tourism experts. According to the results of this research, soft infrastructure categories (with an average rank of 5) are the most important category in the success of health tourism development. Then, in order of the following categories: hard infrastructure, government support, cultural and social issues, marketing and advertising are effective on the success of health tourism development. Each of the categories has several components, which according to the results, the component of medical equipment (with an average rank of 16.89), which is a subset of the category of soft infrastructure, was recognized as the most important component for success in the development of health tourism.

The history of human civilization has been plagued by a series of crises caused by epidemics, wars and catastrophes, each of which has had a significant contribution to the change in the activities of human societies. The present study was written with the aim of analyzing the model of consumer behavior in crisis situations and providing an appropriate marketing solution (Case study: Corona virus crisis on small and medium enterprises), It has been written. For this purpose, five main steps were prepared to achieve the objectives of this study. In the first step, the effects and consequences of the outbreak of COVID-19 on consumer behavior in Iranian society were studied and identified, which resulted in the presentation of a four-part model at the beginning of the fifth chapter. In the third step of the research, which is a kind of entry into the quantitative phase and field study of the research, the collected data from the qualitative part were measured and tested to check their accuracy. Then, in the fourth step of the research, a model for predicting consumer behavior in crisis situations was prepared and adjusted. Finally, in the fifth step, in addition to presenting the research process model, solutions to get out of the current problem were suggested to businesses. The research methodology was a combination of two quantitative and qualitative approaches (mixed approach) and using nest logic; For this purpose, in the qualitative section, using the qualitative research interview method and systematic analysis of Strauss and Corbin, data were collected and collected. How to collect data in the qualitative part using judgmental sampling and snowball and based on a sample of 20 people consisting of experts and experts aware of the subject was done. Interviews (semi-structured) were then conducted to achieve theoretical saturation, and data analysis was performed through qualitative or interpretive content analysis. Then, in the quantitative part, the quantitative part was made by using a survey method and preparing a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The accuracy of the data was measured in the qualitative part. The statistical population of Kermanshah province and the sample size selected in the quantitative section were selected by Morgan et al. Table above 384. Quantitative data analysis was performed using    software. The findings of the qualitative sector indicate profound changes in consumer behavior, which were >  

The current study aimed to investigate the challenges of the rural tourism and provide solutions for strengthening it in Eivan county. The research framework is quantitative and it uses descriptive survey approach. The study population contains tourists, villagers, and experts in the tourism field. By using the Krejcie - Morgan table, the sample size was 364. For the expert and villager groups, a simple random sampling method was used, and for the tourist group, an available random sampling approach was employed. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a number of tourism professors and rural experts. Reliability of the questionnaire constructs was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires was analyzed by using   25 software. Rural tourism challenges in this county were ranked using the weighted coefficient of variation. The most important weaknesses were the lack of government planning and investment, inadequate accommodation and welfare equipment, and the lack of publicity from the authorities regarding the existing tourist attractions. The local mountains and their high peaks for sports and recreation such as mountaineering and hiking, and the beautiful and unique landscapes along with green space and gardens in these areas, near the central city of Eivan, were identified as the most important strengths.   The most important rural tourism opportunities in this region are approval of supporting laws for the tourism industry, the existence of certain credit lines for the development of it, the government officials support for development of this industry using the employment-generation strategy, and increasing the motivation among the people of neighboring cities for travel and recreation in the study area. Increasing the desire and motivation of tourists to travel to other nearby recreational areas, improving the facilities and services among competing recreational areas, and the lack of the licenses and facilities by the government to expand tourism in these areas were identified as the most important threats to rural tourism in Eivan city. According to the results, solutions were proposed to strengthen rural tourism in Eivan county.   

this study aimed to analysis the challenges of green information technology deployment in hospitals and Treatment centers. This study is a in terms of applied purpose, In terms of data nature, quality (content analysis and Delphi) and It is a descriptive study in terms of data collection method. In order to prepare the data, first, by reviewing the theoretical foundations and previous studies through content analysis method, the challenges of deploying green information technology in hospitals and treatment centers were identified and through Delphi method, the challenges were confirmed and prioritized. The statistical population in the content analysis method included all articles reviewed in the field of green information technology that Only the texts that are most relevant to the research topic are selected. the statistical population of the study was delphi method, university experts and information technology officials working in hospitals, health centers and universities, 21 of which were chosen by the purposeful sampling method and then the snow ball was selected to reach the saturation limit. Findings show that in the content analysis method, 28 indicators for the challenges of deploying green information technology in hospitals and medical centers were extracted and reached the Delphi stage. in the three Delphi rounds, 22 indicators were added to indicators and and the total of 50 indicators were not only 6 indicators of the general agreement of the experts. the proposed model of this study has six dimensions, 17 components and 44 indices.   

   Today, due to the significant role of marketing in various aspects and the need to recognize it, studies in this field are very important. Political marketing is also an interdisciplinary scientific aspect in marketing, sociology, political science and communication sciences due to the current complex and transitional conditions, and studies that can determine its dimensions have already attracted the attention of experts and activists in this field. Due to the lack of a specific background based on inquiries from the Irandac system regarding the effect of political marketing on increasing the soft power component, in this study, political marketing tools and soft power tools were identified and their effects were studied. The effect of political marketing is to increase the soft power component of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, in this exploratory mixed research (qualitative and quantitative), first in the qualitative phase, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 experts, and with the help of content analysis, categories of both interviews and secondary data including books, internal and external articles, Archives of interviews of news agencies, websites and virtual network channels, including the channel of the Center for Political Marketing Studies affiliated with the Center for Growth of Imam Sadegh (AS) University, were identified. In the quantitative phase of the research, by preparing a researcher-made questionnaire and conducting an expert survey among 46 people from the statistical population, assuming (N = n), the categories were tested and the validity of the questionnaire was valid in two parts: validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha was calculated 0.895). done. Quantitative research results were obtained using   26 software based on Friedman test and the identified categories of qualitative phase were classified. These results showed that in order to attract tourists and foreign investors, the use of political marketing is necessary to increase soft power, and this component was ranked first. Accordingly, various types of diplomacy such as public, official, sports, cultural, communication, event, etc. diplomacy were considered as the most important international political marketing techniques and won first place. National self-confidence was the most important indicator of international political marketing, according to experts, which ranked first among other indicators. Incoherence of programs and strategies in the field of international political marketing was the first constraint on the use of international political marketing, and this constraint was recognized as the most important constraint among the existing constraints. The most effective foreign policy discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to take advantage of international political marketing, the discourse of international detente was identified with realism and purpose. Regarding the current situation and position of the country, the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran was historically and culturally ranked first, but the country's position in terms of export products was ranked eighth among the questions related to the current position, which indicates that in This is a weakness. Therefore, in the suggestions section, separately and for each question, based on the ranks obtained through Friedman test, practical and research explanations are included.

      Oil, as one of the exportable natural resources, has given the government high foreign exchange power, which it uses in regulating the country's budget. The relationship between oil shocks and economic parameters has been documented in economic research and points to the important role of foreign exchange earnings from oil in the Iranian economy. In this thesis, for the first time, the relationship between oil shock with exchange rate and bank interest is investigated and in two economic models, Markov switching statistical analysis is performed. The studied period is from 1981 to 2016 for 36 years based on central bank data. In the Markov switching model, two regimes are defined based on the error squares and other parameters influencing the model determination. After performing statistical preconditions such as maneuvering and autocorrelation, Markov switching model was implemented which has a probability value less than 0.05 (significant level) of relationship between two models, including the relationship between oil price and bank interest; It proves the price of oil and the exchange rate in a negative and significant way. Diets are designed to study during the recession and then the boom. There is a time lag in influencing crude oil price fluctuations, and this delay is more pronounced in the impact on bank interest. Concurrent research has also confirmed the existence of such a relationship and can be demonstrated by eliminating the oil price intermediary variable to establish a positive and significant relationship between the exchange rate and bank interest rates. The end result is that as oil prices rise, exchange rates and bank interest rates fall, and vice versa.      

سرمايه يك عامل كليدي در رشد وتوسعه اقتصادي محسوب مي شود اما امروزه فرار سرمايه يكي از مشكلات اساسي كشورهاي در حال توسعه است. فرار سرمايه مي تواند ناشي از عوامل مختلفي مانند اقتصادي،سياسي و اجتماعي باشد در پژوهش حاضر به بررسي عوامل اقتصادي تاثير گذار بر فرار سرمايه با استفاده از داده هاي سالانه طي بازه 1358تا1395 پرداخته مي شود در سال هاي مورد بررسي سال 1390 داراي بيشترين ميزان فرار سرمايه از كشور است در اين پژوهش به بررسي عوامل اقتصادي نظير نرخ ارز، تورم، رشد اقتصادي، ماليات، ريسك مركب و كسري بودجه بر ميزان فرار سرمايه پرداخته مي شود. مدل اين پژوهش با استفاده از روش  GMM , ARDL برآورد مي شود. نتايج اين پژوهش طبق روش GMM نشان مي دهد كه رشد اقتصادي، كسري بودجه، تورم و نرخ ارز تاثيري مثبت، ريسك مركب تاثيري منفي ، نرخ بهره و ماليات فاقد اثر معنا داري بر فرار سرمايه است. طبق روش ARDL در بلندمدت اثر متغيرهاي رشد اقتصادي، كسري بودجه دولت، ريسك مركب، تورم و نرخ ارز همانند روش GMM است . اما اثر ماليات و نرخ بهره بر فرار سرمايه در بلند مدت مشخص نيست. در كوتاه مدت تنها سه عامل رشد اقتصادي، كسري بودجه و ريسك اقتصادي اثري معناداري بر فرار سرمايه دارند در بين همه عوامل ذكر شده رشد اقتصادي بيشترين تاثير بر فرار سرمايه را دارد.

               Abstract    Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate entrepreneurship development indices in Rural tourism cooperatives in Kermanshah province with emphasis on sustainable tourism. Methodology: This study is an applied, quantitative, and descriptive survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of all members of board of directors and managers of rural tourism cooperatives in Kermanshah province with 290 members. According to Cochran formula, 165 people were selected as sample.   The sampling method used in this study was stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaires was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and was calculated to be 0.856 which indicates that the questionnaire had good reliability. Then, to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses from descriptive indices (frequency distribution table, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-student test) in    software version 25 used. Results: The results of data analysis showed that the most important indicators of entrepreneurship development in the province's tourism co-operatives were economic indicators with average rating (3.40), infrastructure and institutional indicators with average rating (3.23), individual indicators with average. Ranked (3.13) and social and cultural indices averaged 2.83. Conclusions and Recommendations: The findings of this study show that economic indicators are the most important index in tourism development, especially in less developed areas, because people in these areas are low in terms of economy and income diversity. Policymakers and planners in the country should pay more attention to tourism and its importance, especially in less developed areas, such as pristine rural areas, while allocating more funds to these areas for tourism development to provide them with the least possible benefits. Keywords: Cooperatives, Rural Tourism Cooperatives, Entrepreneurial Development Indicators, Kermanshah Province.

AbstrctToday the tourism in dustry as a key part of the world economy, has been able to achieve the worlds third-largest income generating position. So that different countries, whether developed or developing, each seek to reach the stage of expantion or sustainability of the industry. The main purpose of this applied research is the to analyze the role of cultural tourism management in sustainable tourism development in Kermanshah, which was conducted in three qualitative- qualitative- quantitative phases. Content analysis method was used in qualitative part and descriptive survey method was used in quantitative part. The study population consisted of the first phase of research, tourists, managers, experts, and Faculty of Tourism in Kermanshah City, and in the second and third phase of research, managers, experts, and professors of tourism in Kermanshah City. Sampling method in qualitative section of this study was purposeful and theoretical (for managers, experts, and professors) and snowball (for tourists), through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 17 people in the first phase and 12 people in the second phase. Theoretical saturation was obtained. In the quantitative section, 12 xeperts were given AHP quastionnaive. The validity and reliability of the qualitative part of this study were confirmed using the triangulation technique, and in the quantitative part, the validity of the questionnaive designed by the experts, and its reliability due to the inconsistency rate(0/01) obtained in expert choice11   oftware, were confirmed, and   use the Excel2016 tool for the statistics section. Based on the findings of the qualitative section, the strengths in the field of cultural tourism management with 23 open source and 4 concept, weaknesses in the field of cultural tourism management with 48 open source and 11concept, as well as sterategies for sustainable tourism development in Kermanshah, it and 26 open source and 7 concept. Prioritization of strengths and weaknesses based on their frequency count showed that: organizational and institutional weaknesses with frequency (45) and weaknesses with advertising (45), most important weaknesses, and appropriate investment capacity with frequency (42) and holding training courses frequently, the most important strengths are in the field of cultural tourism management. In the quantitative part, the prioritization results showed that strategies: Education and culture with final weight (0.227), improving the management status of tourism compliance organizations with final weight (0.198), developing new programs and attitudes with final weights (0.188), facilitating financial support with the ultimate weight (0.163), making citizens with the ultimate weight (0.088), improved infrastructures and facilities with final weight (0.087), improve the advertising position with final weight (0.47), They won until the sevent. Therefore, relying on strengths and overcoming weaknesses in the field of cultural tourism management, and the adoption of strategies in this field, the development of tourism in Kermanshah City was the fundamental steps of harvesting, and control of sustainability in the industry. Also, it is suggested that the organization of tourism trustee in the field of tourism services, from educated people in contexts, tourism, employment and... To use.   Key words: tourism development, Sustainable tourism, cultural tourism, Management, Kermanshah city.

The purpose of the present study is to identify, analyze and rank the factors affecting the development of cultural tourism in Kermanshah province using fuzzy AHP and fuzzy DEMTEL and fuzzy TOPSIS approach.This research is applied in terms of purpose and is one of the descriptive-survey research.In this study, 4 dimensions and 20 indicators influencing cultural tourism development in Kermanshah province were selected based on research literature and interviews with experts and experts.The questionnaires were then collected by experts and experts.Analyzes suggest that in prioritizing dimensions, the economic dimension is more concerned with natural, environmental, cultural, social, political, and security dimensions.The economic dimension was identified as the most important dimension, as well as the natural and environmental dimension as the most influential dimension.The analysis of indicators showed that according to tourism experts in Kermanshah province, respectively, indicators of beautiful natural attractions, government investment, numerous historical and archeological attractions, local markets and private sector participation are superior to other indicators.

   وجود تقاضاي گسترده براي تحصيل در جامعه ايران، به عرضه وسيع و بدون قاعده و برنامه­ريزي آموزش­هاي دانشگاهي منجر شده است. آمارها نشان مي­دهد كه ميليون­ها جوان در مراكز آموزش­هاي عالي مشغول به تحصيلند و آموزش­هايي مي­بينند كه لزوما متناسب با مشاغل موجود براي آنان نمي­باشد. به عبارت ديگر يكي از مسائل اجتماعي جامعه ايران ناهمخواني بين تحصيل و شغل است.

   يكي از شاخص‌هاي مهم براي ارزيابي مصرف انرژي، شاخص شدت انرژي است. بنابراين بررسي شدت انرژي و عوامل مؤثر بر آن و شناسايي راه‌هاي كاهش شدت انرژي، داراي اهميت است. هدف اين مطالعه بررسي تاثير سرريزهاي سرمايه گذاري مستقيم خارجي بر همگرايي شدت انرژي در استان هاي كشور ايران طي دوره 1389 تا 1394 است. به منظور بررسي وجود   همبستگي فضايي   از آزمون هاي LMو Moran I استفاده شده است. شواهد براي مطالعه حاضر نشان مي‌دهد كه اثرات وابستگي فضايي شدت انرژي بين استان‌هاي ايران وجود دارد و همچنين نوعي همگرايي مطلق و شرطي شدت انرژي با سرعت تعديل نسبتا پايين بين استان‌هاي كشور وجود دارد. به اين صورت كه سرعت كاهش شدت انرژي در يك استان خاص، سرعت كاهش شدت انرژي در استان‌هاي همسايه را تحت تاثير قرار خواهد داد و كاهش شدت انرژي در استان‌هاي همسايه باعث كاهش شدت انرژي در استان خاص مي‌شود. همچنين با افزايش سرمايه گذاري مستقيم خارجي ميزان شدت انرژي كاهش مي يابد   و افزايش سرمايه گذاري مستقيم خارجي در يك استان خاص باعث همگرايي شدت انرژي و اثر سرريز آن به صورت بالقوه باعث همگرايي شدت انرژي در استان‌هاي كشور مي‌شود. اين نتايج لزوم توجه بيشتر به جذب تكنولوژي هاي جديد توليد در سرمايه گذاري ها   را بيان مي كند.   

از آنجا كه بيشترين ميزان مصرف آب در دنيا و در استان كرمانشاه در بخش كشاورزي صورت مي گيرد. در اين پايان نامه از منظر اقتصاد دانش بنيان به بررسي ميزان مصرف در بخش كشاورزي استان كرمانشاه پرداخته شد. بدين منظور در ابتدا از طريق روش تحليل سلسله مراتبي به اثبات وجود تنش آب در استان كرمانشاه پرداختيم. سپس از طريق روش دلفي به دنبال يافتن راه حل هايي براي اصلاح الگوي مصرف در استان هستيم.

   اين پايان‌نامه از منظر اقتصاد آب و اقتصاد محيط زيست، به بررسي پايداري منابع آب در استان كرمانشاه در چارچوب اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان مي‌پردازد. فاكتور مهم در اين ميان در دسترس بودن و كيفيت آب براي توسعه اقتصادي‌ـ اجتماعي است. به عبارتي بهتر در مبحث مديريت منابع آب سعي بر آن است تا راهكارهاي علمي براي بهبود بهره­وري آب و تعادل مؤلفه‌هاي آن در قالب چرخه هيدرولوژي و بعد مكاني آن ارائه گردد. هدف اين مطالعه اين است كه پايداري منابع آب زيرزميني با توجه به تحولات دانش محيطي، اقتصادي و سياسي را به منظور استفاد? پايدار از منابع آب زيرزميني بررسي كند. در اين پژوهش بررسي پايداري آب زيرزيرزميني در يك حوضه آبرفتي در استان كرمانشاه با استفاده از 8 انديس مختلف اجتماعي، اقتصادي و طبيعي بررسي شده است. 3 عامل طبيعي از روش پيشنهادي يونسكو 2007 انتخاب و 5 عامل بسته به شرايط منطقه مورد بررسي پيشنهاد شده و به‌كار رفته‌اند. اين انديس‌ها عبارتند از: استخراج آب زيرزميني/تغذيه آب زيرزميني، كيفيت آب زيرزميني، آسيب‌پذيري آب زيرزميني، قوانين بخش آب، ظرفيت نهادي، مشاركت عمومي، توليد دانش و ترويج مديريت مصرف آب، بهره‌وري آب هستند، كه براي استفاده از اين 8 عامل در تحليل پايداري آب زيرزميني منطقه از دو روش پرسشنامه‌اي و تحليل سلسله مراتبي استفاده گرديد. تحليل پرسشنامه‌اي با دو دور(6 پرسش اصلي در دور اول   و 147 پرسش در دور دوم) انجام گرفت. نتايج امتيازدهي به پاسخ‌هاي كارشناسان با استفاده از روش دلفي نشان داد كه منطقه از نظر آب زيرزميني ناپايدار است. در اين روش از يك رده بندي 5 كلاسه با رده 1 (ناپايدارترين حالت) تا 5 (پايدارترين حالت) استفاده گرديد كه در مجموع منطقه مورد بررسي با امتياز 1.53 در حالت ناپايدار قرار دارد. در تحليل سلسله مراتبي نيز 8 عامل مورد بررسي به شكل نقشه هاي موضوعي مكاني در آمده و نهايتاً با همپوشاني آن‌ها انديس پايداري آب زيرزميني به دست آمد. براي اين كار انديس نهايي با روش كلاسه‌بندي نچرال بريك به 4 دسته تقسيم گرديد. بعد از نرمال كردن اين رده‌ها به چهار دسته عبارتند از: 0 تا 10 درصد از مناطق پايدار، بيش از 10 تا 25 درصد از مناطق نزديك به آستانه پايداري، بيش از 25 تا 50 درصد از مناطق ناپايدار و مناطق بالاي50 درصد بسيار ناپايدار يا بحراني بودند. نتايج اين روش نيز نشان داد بيشتر منطقه تحت بررسي در زون ناپايدار قرار دارد. علاوه بر اين اعتبارسنجي نتايج بررسي با افت سطح آب زيرزميني حاكي از اين واقعيت است كه منطقه از نظر پايداري آب زيرزميني در وضعيت مطلوبي نبوده و 92 درصد منطقه بيش از 1 متر افت سطح آب داشته و 62 درصد آن افتي بيش از 10 متر داشته است. بيلان منفي آبخوان نتايج به دست آمده را تأييد مي‌كند. نتايج اين بررسي نشان داد كه با استفاده از انديس‌هاي مختلف و مرتبط با شرايط محيطي و داده‌هاي قابل دسترس و درست مي‌تواند وضعيت كلي از شرايط پايداري آب زيرزميني را تهيه و از آن براي تصميم‌گيري‌هاي مديريتي و برنامه‌ريزي‌هاي آينده استفاده نمود.    كليد واژه‌ها: پايداري، توسع? پايدار، اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان